高三英语语法冲刺高考必备知识点解析

高三英语语法复习的核心要义与高一高二阶段截然不同，此时的复习重点在于紧密对接高考考纲，尤其是对于中等或中等偏下水平的学生，更需注重查漏补缺的同时全面提升能力，填补知识技能的空白。以下是高三英语语法必修知识点的系统梳理，助您高效备考，决胜高考！

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**一、时间与空间介词的精准运用**

1. **时间介词 at, in, on 的区别**
– **at**：表示具体时间点或短暂时刻，如 at noon, at midnight, at 8 o’clock, at Christmas 等。
– **in**：表示较长的时间段或月份年份，如 in the morning, in October, in 1998 等。
– **on**：仅用于具体日期或节日，如 on Monday, on May Day 等。

2. **时间连词 since 与 from 的辨析**
– **since**：强调从过去持续到现在的动作，常与现在完成时搭配，如 “We have not seen each other since 1995.”
– **from**：表示从某时间点开始，不涉及持续性，多与现在/过去/将来时搭配，如 “I hope to do morning exercises from today.”

3. **时间介词 in 与 after 的用法**
– **in**：表示“一段时间之后”，如 “We’ll be back in three days.”
– **after**：表示“具体时间点之后”，如 “After seven the rain began to fall.”
– **注意**：after 也可用于一段时间之后（多见于过去时），如 “After two months he returned.”

4. **地理介词 in, on, to 的场景应用**
– **in**：表示范围之内，如 “Changchun is in the northeast of China.”
– **on**：表示毗邻或表面接触，如 “Mongolia is on the north of China.”
– **to**：表示范围之外，如 “Japan is to the east of China.”

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**二、方位介词 on 与 in 的深度解析**

5. **表面与内部的区别**
– **on**：表示物体表面，如 “There is a book on the piece of paper.”
– **in**：表示占据空间，如 “There is an interesting article in the newspaper.”
– **例证**：He dug a hole in the wall（墙内挖洞）vs. a lamp stands in the corner（角落内部）。

6. **穿过介词 through 与 across 的动态表达**
– **through**：强调从内部穿过，如 “Water flows through the pipe.”
– **across**：强调表面上的横穿，如 “The old man walked across the street.”

7. **拐角介词 in the corner, on the corner, at the corner 的精妙区分**
– **in the corner**：角落内部，如 “The lamp stands in the corner of the room.”
– **on the corner**：角上（内外兼具），如 “I met him on the street corner.”
– **at the corner**：拐角外附近，如 “He sat on the corner of the table.”

8. **时间终点介词 in the end, at the end of, by the end of 的用法**
– **in the end**：最终结果，如 “In the end they reached a place of safety.”
– **at the end of**：具体末梢，既可指时间也可指地点，如 “At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.”
– **by the end of**：截止时间，如 “By the end of last month he had finished the novel.”

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**三、核心介词与连词的语义强化**

9. **“关于”介词 about 与 on 的正式度差异**
– **about**：日常用词，如 “He came to tell me about something important.”
– **on**：较正式的“论述”，如 “He wrote a book on science.”

10. **between 与 among 的对象数量区分**
– **between**：两者之间，如 “You are to sit between your father and me.”
– **among**：三者及以上，如 “He is always happy among his classmates.”
– **例外**：
– 三者以上但强调两两关系时用 between，如 “Agreements were made between the different countries.”
– 事物分居两边时用 between，如 “The little valley lies between high mountains.”
– 比较差异时用 between，如 “They don’t know the difference between wheat, coats and barley.”

11. **排除介词 besides, except, but, except for 的逻辑关系**
– **besides**：除了……还有，如 “All went out besides me.”
– **except**：除了……之外（不可置句首），如 “All went out except me.”
– **but**：与 except 近似，常用于否定句或疑问句，如 “I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.”
– **except for**：指出细微缺陷，如 “His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.”

12. **工具介词 in 与 with 的功能区分**
– **with**：表示工具，如 “He is writing a letter with a pen.”
– **in**：表示材料、方式、度量等，如 “He wrote the letter in pencil,” “Read the text in a loud voice.”

13. **责任介词 charge of 与 in the charge of 的主被动关系**
– **charge of**：被动语态（被照管），如 “The project is in the charge of an engineer.”
– **in the charge of**：主动语态（负责），如 “Who is in charge of the project?”

14. **身份介词 as 与 like 的语义差异**
– **as**：身份或角色，如 “Let me speak to you as a father.”（事实是父亲）
– **like**：相似性，如 “Let me speak to you like a father.”（并非父亲）

15. **方位介词 in front of 与 in the front of 的空间逻辑**
– **in front of**：外部前方，如 “There is a desk in front of the blackboard.”
– **in the front of**：内部前部，如 “The boy sat in the front of the car.”

16. **位置介词 in 与 into 的动态表达**
– **in**：静态位置，如 “We walked in the park.”
– **into**：动态进入，如 “We walked into the park.”
– **例外**：与终止性动词（drop, fall, put, throw）连用时，in 也可表示动态，如 “I have put the coin in my pocket.”

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**四、高级从句的引导词与虚拟语气**

17. **条件状语从句引导词**
– **if, unless, if only, only if, in case, suppose/supposing (that), provided/providing (that), on condition that, so/as long as**
– **例句**：”I will go if it rains,” “Suppose (that) we miss the train.”

18. **方式状语从句引导词**
– **as, as if/as though**
– **注意**：
– as if 引导虚拟语气（与事实相反）
– as if 引导陈述语气（与事实相符）
– 固定句型：A is to B what C is to D（A对B的关系正如C对D）

19. **让步状语从句引导词**
– **though/although/as, even if/though, whether/no matter whether…or(not), whenever/no matter when**
– **区别**：
– **though/although**：主句可用 yet/still，但不可用 but；as 引导需倒装（形容词/副词/动词原形+as+主语+谓语），而 although 不倒装。
– **even if/though**：更强调让步，如 “Even if it rains, we will go.”
– **whether/no matter whether**：忽略选择，如 “I will go whether you agree or not.”

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**五、不定式的核心语法点**

20. **不定式作主语**
– **具体动作**：To finish the building in a month is difficult.
– **习惯动作**：Doing such things is foolish.
– **对等结构**：To see is to believe.
– **形式主语 it**：
– It is + adj. + of sb. + to do…（如 easy/hard）
– It is + adj. + for sb. + to do…（如 possible/impossible）
– 常见结构：It is a pity/pleasure/duty…to do…
– **注意**：possible 可作表语接不定式，probable 不可，如 “It is possible for him to come.”（正确）vs. “It is probable for him to come.”（错误）

通过以上系统梳理，高三学生可精准掌握英语语法的核心要点，在高考中高效运用，突破瓶颈，实现语言能力的全面提升。