高三英语核心动词必背知识点总结

英语作为高考的重点科目,不仅是学生升学的重要依据,更是未来工作和生活中不可或缺的沟通工具。为了帮助高三学子高效备考,下面我们系统梳理高三英语必背知识点,涵盖动词、从句、句子种类及不定式等核心内容,助你轻松应对高考挑战。

### 高三英语动词必背知识点

1. **can**
can表示能力时,通常指一般性能力,如”You can swim across the river.”;表客观条件许可时,如”You can go now.”;在提建议或请求许可时,常用”Can I…?”或”Can you…?”表达礼貌,如”Can I buy you a drink?”需注意与be able to的区别:can表一般能力,be able to表特定条件下的能力,例如:”Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.”

2. **may**
may表许可时,如”You may go.”;表可能性时,多用于肯定句和否定句,如”He may not be right.”需注意其仅用于现在和将来时态。

3. **must与have to**
must表主观必须,have to表客观必须,二者在用法上存在区别:”It’s getting late. I have to go.”对答时,”Must I go now?”可回答”Yes, you must.”或”No, you needn’t.”但have to的否定形式为don’t have to。

4. **need与dare**
need和dare既可作实意动词(后接to do),也可作情态动词(后接动词原形),如”Need I go now?”对答时,”Yes, you must.”或”No, you needn’t.”需注意实意动词用法。

5. **shall**
shall在第一人称疑问句中表征求意见,如”Shall we begin our lesson?”;在二三人称陈述句中表命令、警告或威胁,如”You shall fail if you don’t work harder.”

6. **should**
should表义务或责任,如”We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.”此外,should have done表本应做而未做的事,must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测,could have done表本可做而未做的事。

7. **will**
will表意愿或打算,如”Will you lend me your book?”对答时,”Yes, I will.”需注意与be going to的区别:will表意愿,be going to表计划。

8. **完成式与完成进行式**
should have done表本应做而未做,must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测,could have done表本可做而未做的事。完成进行式强调动作的持续性,如”It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.”

9. **否定形式与疑问词+不定式**
否定形式由”not”或”never”加不定式构成,如”Try not to be late again next time.”;疑问词+不定式可在句中作名词成分,如”Whether to leave has not been decided.”或”How to solve this problem is key.”

### 高三英语从句知识点总结

1. **though, although, as的区别**
though和although引导的从句可使用yet或still,但不可与but连用;though可倒装,although不可倒装;as引导的从句必须倒装,结构为”形容词/分词/副词/动词原形+as/though+主语+谓语”,如”Rich as he is, he is not happy.”

2. **though的副词用法**
though可用作副词置于句末表转折,如”He passed the exam, though.”但although无此用法。

3. **让步状语从句**
in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of等短语也可引导让步从句,如”Despite the rain, they went for a walk.”

### 句子种类

1. **陈述句的否定**
(1)当主句谓语为think, believe等动词时,宾语从句否定需移至主句,如”I don’t think he is right.”(2)含有否定副词的句子视为否定句,如”I have never been there before.”

2. **反意疑问句**
(1)need和dare作情态动词时,反问部分用needn’t…?或don’t…?;作实意动词时,用need…?或dare…?(2)含有否定副词的陈述句反问部分用肯定形式,如”He seldom comes, does he?”(3)不定代词作主语时,反问主语用it,如”Nothing can stop me, can it?”(4)used to的陈述句反问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t you(5)there be结构反问用there,如”There’s something wrong, isn’t there?”(6)宾语从句的反问部分与主句保持一致,但I think等插入语时需与从句动词保持一致。

3. **感叹句**
用what或how引导,如”What a beautiful park it is!”或”How beautiful the park is!”;how后可接形容词+名词或形容词+代词。

4. **祈使句**
直接以动词原形开头,如”Take care!”或”Please open the door for the old lady.”

### 高三英语不定式知识点

1. **一般式**
表示与主要动词同时或稍后的动作,如”He stood aside for me to pass.”或”They invited us to go there this summer.”

2. **完成式**
表示在主要动词动作之前完成的动作,可作表语、状语等,如”She seemed to have heard about this matter.”或”I am sorry to have kept you waiting.”

3. **进行式**
表示与主要动词同时进行的动作,如”It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.”或”He pretended to be listening to the teacher.”

4. **完成进行式**
强调动作的持续性,如”It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.”

5. **否定形式**
由”not”或”never”加不定式构成,如”Try not to be late again next time.”

6. **疑问词+不定式**
可在句中作宾语、主语等,如”Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.”或”I have no idea of how to do it.”

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