高三英语语法核心知识点精讲与运用技巧

英语语法是系统研究英语语言后总结归纳的一系列语言规则,对于提升英语表达能力至关重要。以下为高三英语语法知识点的系统整理,助您高效备考,欢迎参考学习!

一、非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词,在句子中可充当多种成分:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语及复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。部分及物动词后可接不带to的不定式作复合宾语,常见动词包括:
– 感官动词:feel、hear、listen to
– 使役动词:have、let、make
– 观察动词:see、watch、notice、observe
此外还有help(需带to)、look at(美式英语)、get sb to do(使役)、keep sb doing(持续动作)等特殊用法。

部分及物动词后接动名词作宾语,可概括为”Papa C makes friends”这一口诀,即:
– P:permit/allow(允许)
– A:advise/suggest(建议)
– P:practise(练习)
– A:avoid(避免)
– C:consider(考虑)
– C:consider(考虑)
– M:mind(介意)
– K:keep(保持)
– E:enjoy(享受)
– N:need(需要)
– D:delay(延迟)
– E:escape(逃跑)
– S:stand(忍受)

记忆口诀:”允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。

二、复合句

1. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
– 定语从句:连接词that在从句中作主语或宾语,如:
The news that our team has won the match is true.
– 同位语从句:连接词that仅起连接作用,无实际意义,如:
The news that he told us surprised everybody here.
关键区别在于that在从句中的功能:作成分则为定语,不作成分则为同位。

2. 关系代词that与which的用法
– that前常接不定代词、序数词或形容词最高级,如:
All that we have to do is to practise every day.
– which前常接介词短语或逗号,如:
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
I have lost my pen, which I like very much.

三、It的用法

1. 形式主语
It可代替人或物作形式主语,真正主语(不定式、动名词或从句)置于句后,如:
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
部分表语后也可接动名词作真正主语,如:
– 无助:no help
– 无用:no use
– 没好处:no good
– 工作:hard work
– 费时:a waste of time
– 危险:a danger
例句:
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is a waste of time waiting for him.

2. 形式宾语
下列动词后可接it作形式宾语:find、feel、think、take、consider、judge、make等,如:
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
I think it no use arguing with him.

3. 强调句式
强调句结构为:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分,如:
It is Professor Lin who teaches us English.
It was in Shanghai that I saw the film.
注意与定语从句的区别:强调句式去掉It is/was…that后句子仍完整,而定语从句则不成立。

四、倒装结构

1. 全倒装与部分倒装的区别
口诀记忆:
– 副词/介词提前全倒装,其它部分倒装
– 否定词提前倒助动词
– 让步状语倒表语
– 复合句式倒主句
– only修饰主语/状语不倒装

例句:
A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前全倒装)
B、Here he comes.(代词作主语不倒装)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前全倒装)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前部分倒装)
E、Young as he is, he knows a lot.(让步状语表语倒装)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only修饰状语主句倒装)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语不倒装)
H、Not only will help be given to people, but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前部分倒装)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语不倒装)

五、虚拟语气

虚拟语气用于表达愿望、假设、猜测或建议,通过特殊动词形式体现:
1. 纯假设:动词时态退一级
– 条件句:主句谓语加would/should/could/might
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
– 愿望句:wish后接宾语从句
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
– 建议句:宾语从句动词用(should)do
He demanded that we (should)start right away.
– 特殊建议/要求:suggest/advise/demand/require/request/insist/order
It is (high)time that we left (should leave)now.
– would rather:后接从句用虚拟
I would rather you gave me the book.
– 主语从句:It is necessary/important/natural/strange that…should do
It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday.

例句:
A、If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.(条件句)
B、Without air, there would be no living things.(条件句)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(愿望句)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(建议句)
E、It is (high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊从句)
F、I would rather you gave me the book.(would rather)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday.(主语从句)
H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English.(特殊从句)

六、英语学习方法

1. 善于背诵
背诵初中英语单词、常用句型,积极记忆生词及词组,理解用法,通过正反义词对比、相似词对比等方式加强记忆。

2. 经常朗读
朗读课文时注重发音、语调,熟悉单词用法,体会语境,增强语感。

3. 多做练习
多练习完形填空,积累词汇和句型,对写作有显著帮助。

4. 经常总结
总结零散知识点,整理错题,系统复习,避免重复错误。

七、英语教学心得

初登讲台时忐忑不安,但经过一周实践已能从容应对。所教初中一年级17、18班英语基础薄弱,平均分约60分。首节英语课用简单词汇介绍自己,学生仍一脸茫然,甚至有同学要求用汉语教学。自我介绍环节几乎无人能写出正确句子,因此后续课程尽量简化讲解,巩固基础。

采用英汉结合的教学方式,逐步适应英语课堂。初一学生普遍缺乏自信,不愿开口,导致”哑巴英语”。因此首节课就强调:大胆说英语,错误是进步的阶梯,增强自信才能提高兴趣。

发现学生英语资源仅限于课本,而语言是工具,更需了解西方文化背景。推荐适合的英文电影和歌曲,普及文化常识,让学习目标超越考试分数。

作为新手教师,需善于观察学生反应,课后反思,向经验丰富的教师学习,打造轻松有趣的课堂,让学生爱上英语。

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