高三英语必学知识点:不定式省略用法解析

英语作为西日耳曼语支的重要分支,起源于中世纪的英国,凭借其广泛的殖民地分布,已成为全球使用范围最广的语言。为了帮助高三学子在英语学习中取得突破,下面将系统梳理高三上学期英语必学知识点,助你全面提升语言能力。

### 宾语不定式的省略用法
在表达意愿或期望时,某些动词后的宾语不定式常可省略,使表达更简洁自然。例如:
– “How about coming to my house?” “I’d love to if it doesn’t give you much trouble.”
– “How about going hunting with me tomorrow?” “I’d like to, but I have no time.”
这类省略常见于hope, like, love, promise, want, wish等动词后,使对话更流畅。其他例句:
– “You may go if you want to.”
– “She can get a job if she hopes to.”

### 宾语补足语的不定式省略
在特定动词后引导宾语补足语的不定式也常被省略,增强句式表现力。例如:
– “Don’t close the window until I ask you to.”
– “Don’t touch the light unless your mother allows you to.”
这类用法常见于allow, ask, tell等动词,使指令更明确。其他例句:
– “Don’t plant potatoes until the peasant tells you to.”

### 其他场景下的不定式省略
不定式省略还见于多种表达情境中,如:
– “He didn’t want to hand in his composition, but he had to.”
– “I don’t sing much now, but I used to a lot.”
– “She didn’t go out last night because she was afraid to.”
这类省略常见于be able to, be going to, have to, need to等结构,使表达更自然。

### 作状语的不定式省略
在表达情感或态度时,某些形容词后的不定式常可省略,使语言更简洁。例如:
– “Will you go with me to see the film tonight?” “I’ll be glad to.”
这类用法常见于afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry等词,使情感表达更直接。

### 自身代词的用法解析
自身代词是用于强调动作反射或加强名词/代词语气的特殊代词,其用法可分为两种:
1. **作宾语**,表示动作回射到执行者本身:
– “Please help yourself to some tea.”(作help的宾语)
– “The girl is too young to look after herself.”(作look after的宾语)
– “He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself.”(作thought of的宾语)

2. **作同位语**,加强名词/代词语气,相当于”亲自”、”本人”:
– “You yourself said so.”
– “The desk itself is not so heavy.”
– “I fixed the window myself.”

### 名词性that从句的构成与功能
名词性that从句是由从属连词that引导的从句,在句中可充当多种成分,但that本身无词义且不担任任何成分。其具体功能包括:
– **作主语**:”That he is still alive is sheer luck.”
– **作宾语**:”John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.”
– **作表语**:”The fact is that he has not been seen recently.”
– **作同位语**:”The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.”
– **作形容词宾语**:”I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.”

### that从句作主语的特殊用法
当that从句作主语时,常使用it作形式主语,并置于句末,形成以下四种搭配:
1. **It + be + 形容词 + that从句**:
– “It is necessary that …”(有必要……)
– “It is important that …”(重要的是……)
– “It is obvious that …”(很明显……)

2. **It + be + -ed分词 + that从句**:
– “It is believed that …”(人们相信……)
– “It is known to all that …”(众所周知……)
– “It has been decided that …”(已决定……)

3. **It + be + 名词 + that从句**:
– “It is common knowledge that …”(……是常识)
– “It is a surprise that …”(令人惊奇的是……)
– “It is a fact that …”(事实是……)

4. **It + 不及物动词 + that分句**:
– “It appears that …”(似乎……)
– “It happens that …”(碰巧……)
– “It occurred to me that …”(我突然想起……)

### 高三英语学习资源推荐
– 高三英语语法知识点归纳汇总
– 高三英语课堂必记的知识点概括
– 高三英语基本基础知识点概括
– 高三学年英语的重要知识点
– 2021高三英语知识点总结
– 2022高三英语知识点归纳
– 高三英语课本必学知识点
– 高三英语最新知识点及学习方法2022
– 高三英语语法知识点精选

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