高一英语必背知识点总结与技巧分享

鼓狮 • • 高中学习方法

“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”这句古训深刻揭示了学习与思考的辩证关系。在知识积累的过程中，我们不仅要善于吸收新知，更要通过深度思考将所学内容融会贯通，从而实现知识的指数级扩展。以下是专为高一学生整理的英语课本背诵知识点精华，助你在语言学习的道路上事半功倍！

一、表语从句与定语从句的精妙运用
The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.
他未能进入电影学院，只因成绩未能达标。
此句巧妙融合了why引导的定语从句与that引导的表语从句。值得注意的是，当主语为reason/cause时，表语从句必须使用that引导，而不可用because或why，以避免语义重复。例如：One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries.

【考例分析】(NMET 1999)
—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
解析：why引导定语从句修饰reason，在从句中作状语，相当于for which。

【考例分析】(2002上海春招)
Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
解析：the reason在从句中作explained的宾语，故选A项he explained，或用that替代。

二、多重定语从句的复杂结构
Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
观看过该影片的人，每当想起鲨鱼食人的场景，便不敢下海游泳。
此句包含两个嵌套的定语从句：who引导的主句从句修饰people，而which引导的从句修饰scenes。关系词的选择需遵循”瞻前顾后”原则——先行词指人用who/that，指物用which；同时需判断关系词在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：This is the factory where he works.（状语）/ This is the factory（that / which）he visited.（宾语）

【考例分析】(NMET 1992)
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
解析：turn to sb for help为固定搭配，故选D项to whom。

三、状语从句的省略技巧
When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
当被问及成功秘诀时，史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格表示，他的成就与幸福主要归功于家人。
此句中when引导的时间状语从句省略了主语he和be动词，符合”主语与主句一致且谓语为be动词时”的省略规则。类似用法如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.

【考例分析】(2003上海春招)
Unless ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
解析：unless后省略了you are，故选A项invited。

二、高频词汇与固定搭配精粹
1. 情感表达类
be good to对……友好
be good for对……有益
be bad to…/be bad for…对……有害

2. 数学运算类
add up加起来，增加
add up to合计，总计
add…to把……加到……

3. 时间状语类
not…until/till直到…才
when, while等引导从句时，若主语与主句一致可省略主语和be动词
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.

4. 考试行为类
cheat in the exam考试作弊

5. 生活场景类
go through经历；度过；获准，通过
hide away躲藏；隐藏
set down写下，记下

三、特殊句式——倒装句的运用技巧
1. 状语前置倒装
Here comes the bus.
The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students.

2. 否定词前置倒装
Neither can I swim.
Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

3. 特殊句型倒装
No sooner had she finished her work than she went out.
Not only did he apologize, but he also offered compensation.

4. only引导的强调句型
Only in this way can we achieve our goals.
Only when the rain stopped did the game continue.

四、实用表达拓展
1. 情感表达
I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
She would be grateful if you could help her with the translation.

2. 委婉请求
Why not join us for a coffee?
I would be grateful if you could spare me five minutes.

3. 常用句型
It’s no good crying over spilled milk.
It happened that I was passing by when the accident occurred.

4. 被动语态
The book was written by him.
He was made to leave the party early.

五、备考建议
建议同学们将以上知识点分类整理成错题本，重点标注易混淆项。例如：
1. 表语从句与定语从句的that/which选择
2. 倒装句的触发词记忆（never, hardly, neither等）
3. 实用短语搭配的固定用法（turn to sb for help等）

通过系统化梳理与针对性训练，相信每位同学都能突破英语学习的瓶颈期。持续积累+深度思考，定能让语言能力实现质的飞跃！

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