高考临近,你的英语基础知识掌握得如何?学习知识要学会总结,那么关于高考英语知识点有哪些呢?以下是小编准备的一些高考英语语法知识点归纳总结,仅供参考。
### 高中英语语法归纳总结1:形容词和副词
#### I. 要点
##### A. 形容词
1. **形容词的用法**:形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。例如:He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting. 某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。例如:The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city. The English like to be with their families. 多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。例如:the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2. **形容词比较等级的形式**:
1. **规则形式**:一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; -est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most. 例如:great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the) most important
2. **不规则形式**:good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least
3. **形容词比较等级的用法**:
1. 表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 例如:He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one.
2. 表示两者以上的比较,用”the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …”例如:He is the cleverest boy in his class.
3. 表示两者是同等程度,用”as +形容词原级+as”. 例如:He is as tall as I. I have as many books as you.
4. 越… 越…例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
5. You can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
6. I have never spent a more worrying day. 那一天是最令我担心的一天。I have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
7. My English is no better than yours. 我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
##### B. 副词
1. **副词的种类**:
1. **时间副词**:如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
2. **地点副词**:如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等
3. **方式副词**:如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等
4. **程度副词**:如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等
2. **副词比较等级的用法**:其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。例如:Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully. We must work harder.
3. **某些副词在用法上的区别**:
1. **already, yet, still**:already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句; yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句; still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。例如:We’ve already watched that film. I haven’t finished my homework yet. He still works until late every night.
2. **too, as well, also, either**:too, as well和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。例如:He went there too. He didn’t go there either. I like you as well. I also went there.
3. **hard, hardly**:hardly意为”几乎”与hard在词义上完全不同。例如:I work hard every day. I can hardly remember that.
4. **late, lately**:lately意为”最近、近来”,late意为”晚、迟”。例如:He never comes late. Have you been to the museum lately?
#### II. 例题
1. **例1**:Tom’s father thinks he is already ____A high enough B tall enoughC enough high C enough tall解析:该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high, 并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。
2. **例2**:____ the worse I seem to be.A When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken解析:该题正确答案为B。 “the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…”意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。
3. **例3**:”I haven’t been to London yet”.”I haven’t been there ____”.A too B also C either D neither解析:该题正确答案为C。 A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定”两者都不”,而C-either则用于否定句中,意为”也”。
4. **例4**:Mr. Smith was ____ moved at the news.A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply解析:该题正确答案为B。 A. deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰。
### 高中英语语法归纳总结2:介词
#### I. 要点
1. **介词和种类**:
1. **简单介词**,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
2. **复合介词**,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2. **介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系**:
1. 和动词的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
2. 和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at(3) 和名词的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3. **介词短语可以有自己的修饰语**,这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。例如:He came right after dinner. He lives directly opposite the school.
4. **某些介词的意义与用法举例**:
1. **at, on, in(表时间)**:表示时间点用at,如at four o’clock, at midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September 1st 等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
2. **between, among(表位置)**:between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between, 如I’m sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:He is the best among the students.
3. **beside, besidesbeside意为”在…旁边”,而besides意为”除…之外”。例如:He sat beside me. What do you want besides this?
4. **in the tree, on the treein the tree 指动物或人在树上,而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上(5) **on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法(6) **in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外(7) **in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨(8) **by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
#### II. 例题
1. **例1**:Do you know any other foreign language____ English?A except B but C beside D besides解析:A、B两项except等于but,意为”除了…”,C-beside意为”在…旁边”,不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为”除了…之外,还有”。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?
2. **例2**:He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.A on B at C in D during解析:我们均知道,at night这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。
3. **例3**:I’m looking forward ____your letter.A to B in C at D on解析:该题正确答案为A。 look forward to 为固定搭配,意为”期望、盼望”。
### 高中英语语法归纳总结3:宾语从句
#### 宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. **作动词的宾语**:
1. 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2. **作介词的宾语**,例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3. **作形容词的宾语**,例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, aware, confident, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. **it 可以作为形式宾语**it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. **后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词**这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:正确表达:I admire their winning the match.错误表达:I admire that they won the match.
6. **不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词**有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句”结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
#### 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
#### 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. **同位语从句的功能**同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. **同位语在句子中的位置**同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. **同位语从句与定语从句的区别**:
1. 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的.作用,不充当句中任何成分。(2. 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
### 高中英语语法归纳总结4:词 法
#### 一、名词
1. **名词的可数与不可数**可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来统计,都称为不可数名词。不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
2. **名词复数的规则变化**A. 一般情况下加-s。B. 以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。C. 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。D. 以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es。
3. **名词的所有格**A. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。如:the worker’ s bike,the Children’ s ballB. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’ s。如: This is Lucy and Lily’ s room.These are Kate’ s and jack’ s rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加-s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses(另外:如果名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)
#### 二、代词
人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词(1)人称代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their their themselves(2)物主代词物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟一个名词;名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。(3)反身代词反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如:I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I can do it myself.(4)指示代词指示代词的特殊用法:(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
#### 三、冠词
1. **不定冠词**an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a。(2)定冠词的基本用法A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。C. 用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。(3)定冠词的特殊用法A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。E. 用在乐器名称前。F. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。(4)名词前不用冠词的情况A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。但在以festival组成的民间节日前要加the。B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边go to school去上学; go to the school去那所学校; in hospital住院; in the hospital在那个医院里
#### 四、数词
1. **数字的表示**三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。(2)序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。(3)分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序词,当分子大于1时,分母序数词要变成复数。(4)hundreds(thousands,millions)of…
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