高二英语选修三第二单元重点知识点总结

学习是一场需要持之以恒的旅程,一旦时断时续便难以有所成就。就像烧水一样,烧到80度就停下,等水冷却后再继续烧,没烧开又停,如此反复不仅耗费精力还浪费能源,最终很难喝到滚烫的开水。以下是为大家精心整理的高二英语选修三第二单元的重点知识点,希望对同学们的学习有所帮助,让大家在英语学习的道路上更加得心应手!

一、引导主语从句的关键连词

在英语语法中,引导主语从句的连词种类繁多,主要包括以下几类:

从属连词:that、whether
连接代词:who、whoever、whom、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever
连接副词:when、where、how、why

二、主语从句的用法解析

主语从句在复合句中充当主语成分,通常位于主句谓语动词之前,或由形式主语it替代,而将本身置于句子末尾。以下是几种常见的用法:

1. it作形式主语与强调句的比较
主语从句常用it作形式主语,常见句型包括:
It is still a question whether she will come or not.
It is strange that you should like him.
It remains unknown which team will win the match.

此外,还有一些固定结构:
It turned out that…(事实证明…)
It has been proved that…(已被证实…)
It happened/occurred that…(发生…)
It is well-known that…(众所周知…)

强调句则不同,其结构为:
It+be+被强调部分+that+从句
例如:It is the times that produce their heroes.(时势造英雄)
It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.(强调宾语)
It was in Shanghai that I saw the film.(强调状语)

判断是否为强调句的方法:
将that后的部分单独提取,检查是否缺少成分,再将it后的被强调部分填入缺失位置,若构成完整句子,则属于强调句。

2. it作形式主语的具体结构
(1)It is +名词+that从句
It is a fact that…(事实是…)
It is an honor that…(非常荣幸…)
It is common knowledge that…(是常识…)

(2)it is +形容词+that从句
It is natural that…(很自然…)
It is strange that…(奇怪的是…)

(3)it +不及物动词+that从句
It seems that…(似乎…)
It happened that…(碰巧…)

(4)it is+过去分词+that从句
It is reported that…(据报道…)
It has been proved that…(已证实…)

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)if引导的主语从句不可位于句首
(2)It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前
例如:It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.

(3)It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前
例如:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前
例如:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前
例如:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

4. what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
What引导的主语从句在从句中充当句子成分(主语、宾语或表语),而that则不承担句子成分功能。
例如:What you said yesterday is right.

三、宾语从句的识别特征

宾语从句用于表达主句的宾语内容,以下是几个区分宾语从句的关键点:

1. 引导词:what、which、whose、when、where、whether
2. 语序:宾语从句必须使用陈述语序
例如:I think that you must work harder.

此外,还需要注意宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别以及否定转移等现象。记住,从句的语序永远是陈述句。

四、First aid知识点

First aid意为”急救”,例如:
first aid to the injured(给予伤员的急救)
give/offer aid(援助)
come to sb’s aid(帮助某人)
teaching aids(教具)
medical aid(医疗救护)
with the aid of(借助于)
get injured(受伤)

现代英语中大量使用”get + 及物动词过去分词”构成的被动语态,称为get型被动语态。
例如:The computer got (was) damaged when we were moving.(我们搬家时,电脑碰坏了。)

五、过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语时,通常表示动作发生的背景或情况,相当于一个状语从句。其与主句主语构成被动关系,表示被动和完成状态。

1. 作原因状语,等于as/since/because引导从句
例如:Moved by what she said, we couldn’t help crying.(=As we are moved by what she said, we couldn’t help crying.)

2. 作时间状语,等于when引导时间从句
例如:When heated, water can be changed into steam.(=When water is heated, it can be changed into steam.)

3. 作条件状语,等于if/whether引导从句
例如:Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.(=If the cabbages had been given more attention, they could have grown better.)

4. 作方式或伴随状语
例如:The actress came in, followed by her fans.(=The actress came in, and her fans followed her.)

5. 作让步状语
例如:Much tired, he still kept on working.(=Although he was much tired, he still kept on working.)

6. 独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时,分词可以有自己的独立逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,常用于表示伴随情况。
例如:The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.

七、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

现在分词作状语时,与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间表示被动关系。

例如:
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing.
Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent.

选择现在分词还是过去分词的关键在于看主句的主语与分词动作的关系:
如果分词动作由主句主语发出,则用现在分词;
如果分词动作由主句主语承受,则用过去分词。

例如:
Used for a long time, the book looks old.
Using the book, I find it useful.

八、相关学习资源推荐
★ 高中英语必修三Unit2单词及短语总结
★ 人教版高二英语上册第二单元知识点
★ 高中英语必修三的知识点
★ 人教版高中英语必修三重点短语
★ 外研社高中必修三英语知识点
★ 高中英语必修四第三单元知识点
★ 人教版高中必修三英语知识点
★ 英语必修3知识点
★ 高中英语必修三知识点总结归纳
★ 高中英语必修二第二单元知识点

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